Work-to-rule

[عبد القادر الغنامي]

السلام عليكم وبعد،

فمن لديه ترجمة عربية مبينة للمصطلح التالي:

Work-to-rule

وقد جاء في تعريفه ما يلي:

Work-to-rule is an industrial action in which employees do no more than the minimum required by the rules of a workplace, and follow safety or other regulations to the letter in order to cause a slowdown rather than to serve their purpose. This is considered less disruptive than a strike or lockout; and just obeying the rules is less susceptible to disciplinary action. Notable examples have included nurses refusing to answer telephones and high school teachers refusing to write recommendation letters for their students' college applications.

Sometimes the term "rule-book slowdown" is used in a slightly different sense than "work-to-rule": the former involves applying to the letter rules that are normally set aside or interpreted less literally to increase efficiency; the latter, refraining from activities which are customary but not required by rule or job description. But the terms may be used synonymously.

Sometimes work-to-rule can be considered malicious compliance by employers as they pursue legal action.

In some languages (e.g. Russian) it is known as "Italian strike", as it is believed that it was first utilized in Italy in the mid-20th century.[1] In Italy, it is known as "sciopero bianco" or "white strike".

المصدر

وثمة سؤال في هذا الصدد: هل لهذا المصطلح اسم آخر وهو Go-slow strike أو Slowdown strike أم إنه نوع مختلف من الإضراب؟

مع الشكر

[حسن تيزيرين]

تحية طيبة،



العمل في الحد الأدنى، الالتزام بنص شروط العمل (وليس روحه)، العمل الفاتر، فتور العمل.

فبما أننا لا ندري لمن تترجم، فإنه ينبغي علينا احتمال شيئين:

1- من وجهة نظر العمال، فهذا الموقف ليس إضرابا وإنما "عملا في الحد الأدنى".
2- من وجهة نظر صاحب العمل، فإن موقف العمال إضراب مبطن أو إضراب مستتر/متخفي/متنكر.

والملفت للنظر أن المصطلح الفرنسي والإسباني يعكس ثقافة هذين المجتمعين وعلاقة العمال بصاحب العمل، حيث التعبير صراحة عن الإضراب في حين غير مذكور صراحة في الإنكليزية، بل التأكيد على العمل وليس الإضراب.

ويأتي المصطلح في أدبيات منظمة العمل الدولية بالفرنسية والإسبانية على النحو التالي:

work to rule
USE:
slowdown
SC:
13.06.6 Labour disputes
FRE:
grève du zèle
SPA:
huelga de reglamento

slowdown
UF:
work to rule
BT:
labour dispute
SN:
Reduction of the rate of work by a group of employees to draw attention to their grievance.
SC:
13.06.6 Labour disputes
FRE:
grève perlée
SPA:
huelga de brazos caídos

مقتطف:

Definition of protected strike action

If industrial action in defence of the interests of workers is to be protected (that is, if the participants are not to be held liable for its consequences, and particularly its economic effects), it has to be covered by the definition of a protected strike or similar industrial action. Other acts, such as violence or interruptions of work that do not fall within such a definition, are not protected.

In most cases, a work stoppage is deemed to be a strike. Other forms of action which paralyse or reduce the economic activity of an enterprise, such go-slows or work-to-rules, may or may not be assimilated to strike action and be protected under the law. The ILO’s supervisory bodies consider that legal restrictions on such forms of action can be justified only where they cease to be peaceful.

[عبد القادر الغنامي]

شكرا وبعد،

فسألت زميلة عملت 25 عاماً في منظمة العمل الدولية إن كان هناك فرق بين work-to-rule وgo-slow strike أو slowdown strike فقالت إن الأمر كذلك. ثم أشارت إلى أن الفرنسيين في منظمة العمل يترجمون المصطلح الأول بـ"grève du zèle" والثاني بـ" Grève perlée". وسألت زميلة فرنسية -قصد الاستئناس- فقالت إن ثمة فرقاً بين هذين النوعين.

وفيما يلي طائفة من المراجع تثبت وجود فرق بين المصطلحين موضع النظر. فلا بد من قطع هذه المرحلة قبل البحث عن مقابل عربي.

Work-to-rule is an industrial action in which employees do no more than the minimum required by the rules of a workplace, and follow safety or other regulations to the letter in order to cause a slowdown rather than to serve their purpose. This is considered less disruptive than a strike or lockout; and just obeying the rules is less susceptible to disciplinary action. Notable examples have included nurses refusing to answer telephones and high school teachers refusing to write recommendation letters for their students' college applications.
Sometimes the term "rule-book slowdown" is used in a slightly different sense than "work-to-rule": the former involves applying to the letter rules that are normally set aside or interpreted less literally to increase efficiency; the latter, refraining from activities which are customary but not required by rule or job description. But the terms may be used synonymously.
Sometimes work-to-rule can be considered malicious compliance by employers as they pursue legal action.
In some languages (e.g. Russian) it is known as "Italian strike", as it is believed that it was first utilized in Italy in the mid-20th century.[1] In Italy, it is known as "sciopero bianco" or "white strike".

Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_to_rule

SLOWDOWN: A deliberate lessening of work effort without an actual strike, in order to force concessions from the employer. A variation of this is a work-to-rule strike - a concerted slowdown in which workers, tongue in cheek, simply obey all laws and rules applying to their work.

Source:
http://www.psacbc.com/archives/stewa...ds-dictionary/

2 In Moene (1988) go-slow is distinguished from work-to-rule, where the latter is without cost for the union. Go-slow also refers to situations in which labour productivity is deliberately reduced but it involves verifiable violations of the old contract which reduces the wage to be paid.

Source:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science...288ea86c34 75

A-15. the extent to which the government can forbid certain kinds of strikes (such as "protest strikes," "sympathy strikes," "go slow" strikes, or "work-to-rule" slowdowns), or strikes under certain conditions (such as economic or political "crisis"), or strikes requiring a majority of workers involved to authorize a strike;

Source:
http://www.dol.gov/ilab/webmils/comp...argaining.html

In B.R. Singh v. Union of India (v), Justice Ahmadi opined that "The Trade Unions with sufficient membership strength are able to bargain more effectively with the management than individual workmen. The bargaining strength would be considerably reduced if it is not permitted to demonstrate by adopting agitational methods such as 'work to rule', 'go-slow', 'absenteeism', 'sit-down strike', and 'strike'. This has been recognized by almost all democratic countries".

Source:
http://www.indiatogether.org/combatl...ue6/strike.htm

The Commission also treats recognized forms of struggles like ‘Go-Slow’ and ‘Work to Rule’ as sheer misconduct!

Source:
http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year...er/article.htm

Question 9
Maximum mark: 2
Mean: 1.05
Std. Dev: 0.78
In this question candidates were required to distinguish between “work to rule” and “go
slow”. As might be expected, candidates performed better on the topic “go slow” than on
“work to rule”. This suggests that candidates may be relying too much on general
knowledge. This is symptomatic of a general trend of superficiality among candidates in
some areas of the syllabus. It is important that depth is obtained in the preparation of
candidates. It cannot be overstressed that Management of Business requires a greater depth of knowledge than Principles of Business. To achieve this depth teachers must ensure that candidates examine several aspects of each topic. First, clear definitions are essential. But above and beyond this, for each topic, teachers must explore such aspects as advantages and disadvantages, the importance of the topic to different stakeholders as well as differences and similarities between one topic and another.

Source:
http://www.cxc.org/SchoolsReports/2003/mge_bus.pdf

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مراجع بالفرنسية:

Le Robert:

6• (1911) Grève perlée, qui interrompt l'activité d'une entreprise par des arrêts ou des ralentissements de travail à une phase, à un stade de la production.

GREVE DU ZELE : application minutieuse des moindres consignes et règlements de façon à paralyser complètement le déroulement du travail.

GREVE DU ZELE
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ve_du_z%C3%A8le

La grève perlée -- les grévistes ralentissent volontairement le travail.
La grève du zèle qui consiste à appliquer tellement méticuleusement les consignes que le travail s'en trouve ralenti (ex. : douaniers).

Source:
http://209.85.129.104/search?q=cache...lnk&cd=1&gl=ch

Grève perlée
Ralentisement du travail, sans grève proprement dite, par lequel les salariés-es diminuent délibérément la production dans le but d'obtenir des concessions de l'employeur. La grève du zèle constitue une variation de cette grève perlée, c'est-à-dire un ralentissement systématique pendant lequel les employés ne font que suivre minutieusement toutes les consignes qui s'appliquent à leur travail, sans dire un mot.

Source:
http://www.unites.uqam.ca/setue/index.php?page=lexique

D'autres formes d’actions qui paralysent ou réduisent l'activité économique d'une entreprise, comme la grève perlée (ralentissement du travail) ou la grève du zèle (application stricte du règlement), peuvent ou non être assimilées à une grève légale et bénéficier des garanties offertes par la loi.

Source:
http://www.ilo.org/public/french/dia...frames/ch5.htm

Formes de grève
173. Lorsque le droit de grève est garanti par la législation nationale, une question qui surgit fréquemment est de savoir si l'action des travailleurs est une grève au sens de la loi. Tout arrêt de travail, si bref et limité fût-il, peut généralement être considéré comme une grève. Cette qualification est moins aisée lorsqu'il n'y a pas cessation pure et simple mais ralentissement du travail (grève perlée) ou application stricte du règlement (grève du zèle), formes de grève qui sont souvent aussi paralysantes qu'un arrêt de travail total. Notant que la législation et la pratique nationales sont extrêmement variées sur ce point, la commission est d'avis que des restrictions quant aux formes de grève ne se justifieraient que si la grève perdait son caractère pacifique.

Source:
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/pd...ter=25&query=(

فما الرأي؟

مع الشكر

[حسن تيزيرين]

تحية طيبة،

باستثناء الترجمة الأدبية التي تعد في الغالب الأعم إبداعا لأنها إعادة للكتابة، أرى أن مسألة تدخل المترجم المؤسساتي في إيجاد المصطلح مضيعة للوقت والجهد ولا تدخل في إطار تخصصه. والدليل على ذلك، أنك طرقت أكثر من باب لجمع المعلومات وترتيبها وفرزها (وإنك لمحظوظ لأننا في عصر الإنترنت) ولازلنا مع هذا وذاك نبحث عن المصطلح المناسب.

ولا مراء أن استشفاف رأي المترحم بين الفينة والأخرى مهم لكنه يعطل تركيزه ويجعل إبرة خيطه الرفيع تسقط من يده للبحث عن أمر من اختصاص شخص آخر في المقام الأول.

خلاصة هذه المداخلة السريعة أنك جئت بالكثير من المصادر، بعضها صحفي، وبعضها من أدبيات نقابات العمال، وبعضها من منظمة العمل الدولية. وكما أقول دائما، إذا لم تحدد لنا من هو المستهدف من ترجمتك أو ترجمتنا، فلن يتعدى ردي إياك شذرات من هنا وهناك. وإذا كانت الترجمة الإيجاز، فإني أقول الترجمة القارئ.

وأرى أن "العمل في حده/بحده الأدنى" (لأني من المدافعين عن العمال ولن أقول إضراب) تفي بالغرض مرحليا إلى أن نهتدي إلى مقابل آخر.

ملحوظة: ألم تعتمد منظمة العمل مصطلحا عربيا بعد؟