السلام عليكم
وبورك فيك، دكتور محمد
وإلى حضراتكم القسم الثاني والأخير. ورابط إلى الملف بصيغة ورد.
http://www.raffe3.com/download.php?f...ed30ea25ef.zip
Note that the Arabic
بل
is regarded as a particle which functions usually to correct what someone else thinks or supposes, hence its description as
استدراكية.
Under the influence of English, many Arabic cases like these you are allowed to give the English that should in this case appear idiomatic enough.o
مثال:
أ- آسف لأنني أغضبت صديقك!
ب- إنه ليس صديقي ! بل إنني لم أقابله إلا الآن !
a. I am sorry I’ve upset your friend!o
b. He’s not my friend! As a matter of fact, I’ve just met him.o
مثال:
- يظن الناس أنهم أغنياء ولكنهم في الواقع فقراء!
- People think they are rich, but in fact they are quite poor!o
مثال:
أ- آسف لأنني تأخرت عليك!
ب- إطلاقًا! فالواقع أنني لم أصل إلا منذ لحظة!
a- I’m sorry to have kept you waiting!o
b- Not at all ! Actually I’ve only just arrived!o
Remember that the Arabic
إطلاقا
has a built-in negation which should be made explicit in English. The translator should not be deceived by the ‘dictionary meaning’ of ‘absolutely’ but bring out the negation explicitly.o
مثال:
أ- هل قلتَ شيئا أغضبه؟
ب- إطلاقًا ! بل إنني كنت أهنئه على النجاح!
a. Did you say anything that made him angry?
b. Not a word ! In fact I congratulated him on his success!o
The translator my use alternatives for the implied negation, such as ‘on the contrary!’ or ‘ ‘far from that!’, etc. Note the use of in fact. When بل is used not for correction but for confirmation, another word in English may be used, viz. ‘indeed’.o
مثال:
إنه مولع بالعلم، بل إنه لا يرفع نظره عن الكتاب.
He is devoted to learning. Indeed, his face is always buried in one book or another! o